Identifying the Problem

start at the roots

Once the broader context is clear, you can define the problem more precisely. Clearly identifying the problem is not just an academic exercise, it directly shapes the quality and impact of your solutions. When the problem is vague, the solutions will also be vague. When the problem focuses only on symptoms, the solutions may offer short-term relief but fail to address underlying causes. Strong advocacy identifies root causes. Is the issue driven by lack of funding? Policy gaps? Structural inequality? Weak accountability mechanisms? Limited access for marginalized communities? Each of these root causes requires a different type of solution.

Start by exploring the following questions to understand the problem:

  • Who is most affected?
  • What exactly is the problem?
    • Is the data and evidence credible?
  • Where does it occur most frequently?
  • Why does it continue to occur?
    • Lack of funding?
    • Political will?
    • Structural inequality?
  • When does it present itself?
  • How does it present itself?

When advocates clearly define who is affected, why the issue persists, and what systemic factors sustain it, they are better positioned to propose solutions that create lasting impact rather than temporary fixes. In short, the sharper your understanding of the problem, the more strategic and transformative your solution can be. Once you have a solid understanding of both the context and the problem, backed by robust evidence and engagement, you can move to identifying the solution to your problem, which through advocacy will be adapted to be shared with decision-makers, the public, and elected officials. 

identifying the best solutions

Communities are not passive recipients of change, they often already hold knowledge, expertise, and solutions to the problems we are trying to solve. Responsible advocacy requires meaningful engagement with affected communities and respect for lived experience.

When identifying solutions, consider:
  • What solutions already exist?
  • Have affected communities been engaged in shaping these solutions?
  • Are proposed changes related to policy reform, legislation, or resource mobilization?
  • Is there broad support for the solution?

Engaging those most affected is not optional, it is essential for legitimacy, sustainability, and equity. Advocacy that ignores lived experience risks becoming paternalistic rather than transformative. Solutions that require policy change, legislation, or funding increases will ultimately depend on generating political will.